Liver cirrhosis

In cirrhosis of the liver, progressive scarring (fibrosis) of the liver causes scar tissue to replace normal liver tissue. It also handicaps the function of the liver which, through the loss of normal liver tissue, leads to failure of the liver to perform some of its critically important functions. The diseases that lead to cirrhosis do so because they injure and kill liver cells, and the inflammation and repair that is associated with the dying liver cells causes scar tissue to form. Several times each day, our entire blood supply passes through the liver. At any given time, about a pint of blood is in the liver (or 10% of the total blood volume of an adult). The liver also converts sugar into glycogen and stores it until the muscles need energy. The released glycogen becomes glucose in the blood stream. Some of the initial signs of such damage include fibrosis of the tendons in the hands, red palms, reddish spotting of the upper body known as spider angiomata , and itching related to an accumulation of bile in the blood. There are many causes of cirrhosis; they include chemicals (such as alcohol, fat, and certain medications), viruses , toxic metals (such as iron and copper that accumulate in the liver as a result of genetic diseases), and autoimmune liver disease in which the body's immune system attacks the liver. It is involved in the processing of nutrients and fats, poisons or toxins that find their way into the body, hormones and medications.

The normal liver is soft and smooth and is connected to the small intestine by the bile duct which carries the bile formed in the liver to the intestines. Injury can be caused by toxins, including alcohol, some drugs, impurities in foods, and the abnormal buildup of normal substances in the blood. Liver cirrhosis is caused by many underlying conditions and diseases, including alcoholism, hepatitis B and C, cystic fibrosis, hemochromatosis, liver fluke infection, Wilson disease, and biliary atresia, among others. Over time, the liver develops a granular consistency due to an even greater proportion of fibrous tissue, and the blood vessels passing through the organ thicken, often hindering blood flow. Other symptoms that may occur with cirrhosis advanced to various stages are jaundice, fluid retention (especially in the abdomen and legs), vomiting of blood, frequent infections, confusion, and memory problems. Eventually the disease can lead to coma or death. Liver cirrhosis is a serious condition. The liver is a very important part of the digestive system. Injury to the liver can also be caused by infection or by a disease in which the body attacks its own tissues (an autoimmune reaction (see Autoimmune Disorders ). Sometimes the exact cause of the injury is not known.

Causes of Liver-cirrhosis

The comman Causes of Liver-cirrhosis :

• Chronic viral infections.
• Common causes of chronic liver disease in the US include hepatitis C infection and long-term alcohol abuse.
• Use of certain drugs.
• Metabolic disorders.
• Exposure to certain environmental toxins.
• Blockage of the bile ducts.

Symptoms of Liver-cirrhosis

Some comman Symptoms of Liver-cirrhosis :

• Weakness.
• Jaundice.
• Weight loss.
• Nausea .
• Intense itching.
• Confusion.
• Swelling of the legs.
• Blood Clotting Difficulties.
• Gallstones.

Treatment of Liver-cirrhosis

• Ascites (excess abdominal fluid) is treated with diuretics, fluid and salt restriction, and removal of fluid (paracentesis).
• Infections are treated with antibiotics.
• Offending medications and alcohol are stopped.
• Treatment for hepatitis-related cirrhosis involves medications used to treat the different types of hepatitis, such as interferon for viral hepatitis and corticosteroids for autoimmune hepatitis
• Coagulopathy may be treated with blood products or vitamin K.
• Encephalopathy is treated with the medication lactulose; sometimes antibiotics are used and patients should avoid a diet high in protein.
• If cirrhosis progresses and becomes life-threatening, a liver transplant should be considered.

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