Cystocele

A cystocele (SIS-tuh-seal) is a medical condition that occurs when the wall between a woman's bladder and her vagina weakens and allows the bladder to droop into the vagina.. A cystocele is mild (grade 1) when the bladder droops only a short way into the vagina. With more severe (grade 2) cystocele, the bladder sinks far enough to reach the opening of the vagina. A bladder that has dropped from its normal position may cause two kinds of problems - unwanted urine leakage and incomplete emptying of the bladder When women go through menopause (when they stop having periods), their bodies stop making estrogen, so the muscles around the vagina and bladder may grow weak. The most advanced (grade 3) cystocele occurs when the bladder bulges out through the opening of the vagina. A doctor may be able to diagnose a grade 2 or grade 3 cystocele from a description of symptoms and from physical examination of the vagina because the fallen part of the bladder will be visible. A cystocele can occur by itself, or it may happen along with other abnormalities such as a rectocele (when the rectum protrudes into the vagina). Treatment options include pelvic floor exercises, hormone replacement therapy, inserting a pessary into the vagina to hold up the pelvic organs, and surgery. Other names for cystocele include prolapse of the bladder and 'fallen' bladder.

A cystocele is when the bladder bulges out or protrudes into the vagina. Risk factors include vaginal childbirth and regularly straining on the toilet to pass bowel motions. A cystocele may occur from excessive straining, such as during childbirth, chronic constipation or heavy lifting. It may also occur after menopause, when estrogen which helps keep pelvic muscles strong decreases. cystocele may result from muscle straining during childbirth , heavy lifting or repeated straining during bowel movements . Because the hormone estrogen helps keep the muscles around the vagina strong, cystocele is more common after menopause when levels of estrogen decrease. In some women, a fallen bladder stretches the opening into the urethra, causing urine leakage when the woman coughs , sneezes , laughs , or moves in any way that puts pressure on the bladder. A voiding cystourethrogram is a test that involves taking X-rays of the bladder during urination. This X-ray shows the shape of the bladder and lets the doctor see any problems that might block the normal flow of urine. Other tests may be needed to find or rule out problems in other parts of the urinary system. For mild and moderate cystoceles, self-care measures or nonsurgical treatments are often effective. In more severe cases, surgery may be necessary to keep the vagina and other pelvic organs in their proper positions.

Causes of Cystocele

The common Causes of Cystocele:

• Habitually straining to pass bowel motions.
• Straining with bowel movements.
• A chronic cough or bronchitis.
• Constipation.
• The drop in oestrogen levels that occurs at menopause.
• Repeated heavy lifting.
• Childbirth.
• Prolapsed uterus.
• The hormone estrogen helps keep the muscles around the vagina strong, but with menopause, the body stops making estrogen and the muscles around the vagina and bladder may become weakened.
• Heavy lifting.

Symptoms of Cystocele

Some common Symptoms of Cystocele :

• Loss of urine when you cough, sneeze, laugh, or lift.
• Stress incontinence, which means that urine leaks when coughing, sneezing or laughing.
• Feeling part of the vagina protruding from the vaginal opening.
• Inability to completely empty the bladder after going to the toilet.
• painful sexual intercourse.
• Recurring urinary tract infections (UTIs).
• feeling of pressure in the vagina.
• Pain or urinary leakage during sexual intercourse.
• A feeling that you haven't completely emptied your bladder after urinating.
• A sensation of fullness or pressure inside the vagina.

Treatment of Cystocele

• Activity modification (i.e. avoiding heavy lifting or straining that could cause the cystocele to worsen)
• Surgery -to move the bladder back into a more normal position and keep it there
• Estrogen replacement therapy - may help to strengthen the muscles around the vagina and bladder .
• A pessary is a small ring-like device that's inserted high in the vagina. This helps to keep the bladder in place. Health risks of long-term pessary use include infection and ulceration.
• A vaginal pessary (a plastic or rubber ring) is placed in the vagina to push the bladder up and back in place. In some cases, a large tampon or vaginal diaphragm might be used instead of a pessary.
• These are exercises you can do to strengthen the muscles in and around your vagina. They are done by squeezing the pelvic floor muscles.
• Your doctor may recommend using estrogen either orally or in a vaginal cream if you've already experienced menopause. This is because estrogen, which helps keep pelvic muscles strong, decreases after menopause.

Women's Health

Adenomyosis
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Cystocele
Cystocoele
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Urethrocoele
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Wernicke korsakoff synodrome